Polite (丁寧語/Teineigo)
Of the three Keigo forms, I would argue the Teineigo (polite form) is perhaps the easiest and the most commonly used by everybody (including native Japanese speakers). This is because the Teineigo is usually the first form of Keigo that is taught to students learning the Japanese language. Furthermore, teineigo tends to better adhere to grammatical/conjugation rules, which also helps with learning the form compared to Kenjougo and Sonkeigo.
I like to divide Teineigo rules into three categories:
1. Words ending with the -desu suffix
2. Words ending with the -masu suffix.
3. Words starting with the O-/GO- prefix
Desu , Masu, and O/Go
1. The "-desu" suffix will come after nouns, adjectives, and adverbs and will generally be at the end of a phrase or sentence.
2. The "-masu" suffix will generally be added at the end of a verb.
3. o/go (written お and ご) comes at the beginning of a noun. Note, this one is a bit tricky and takes time to get use to because
- You cannot simply place O/GO in front of all nouns and consistently expect it to be used correctly.
- The O prefix is "generally" added to words of traditional Japanese, so you need to know which words are historically Japanese.
- The GO prefix is "generally" added to words that derive from Chinese readings, so you need to figure which words are historically Chinese.
There is no concrete rule when O/GO is used and when not, so the best is to simply listen to native speakers and repeat them.
I personally think, if you understand the Chinese Reading methodology(or Onyomi/音読み) and the Japanese Reading methodology (Kunyomi/訓読み), it may give you a good indication whether the word has O or GO in front, but I won't dive into details unless sombody really wants me to write about it ;-)
Again, the polite form is probably the most useful and practical to use, so if you are having difficulty learning the three Keigo forms, I really recommend at least mastering this form as it is used everywhere in business or not.
MASU
| English | Japanese - Casual | Japanese - Polite |
| do | suru - する | shimasu - します |
| go | iku - 行く | ikimasu - 行きます |
| look | miru - 見る | mimasu - 見ます |
| Say | iu - 言う | iimasu - 言います |
DESU
| English | Japanese - Very Informal | Japanese - Polite |
| I am Suzuki | (Watashi ha) Suzuki da (鈴木だ。) | Watashi ha Suzuki desu (私は鈴木です。） |
| Weather is very nice today | Kyou no tenki ha hijyou ni subarashi. (今日の天気は非常に素晴らしい） | Kyou no tenki ha hijyou ni subarashii desu. （今日の天気は非常に素晴らしいです。） |
O/GO
Generally, or at least in proper Japanese, O （お） is added when only referring to somebody else's (i.e. not your) family members.
Example below
| English | Your Family Member | Third person family member |
| Father | Chichi - 父 | Otousan - お父さん |
| Mother | Haha - 母 | Okasan - お母さん |
| Older Sister | Ane - 姉 | Onesan - お姉さん |
| Older Brother | Ani - 兄 | Onisan - お兄さん |
Sample O/GO words below
| English | Casual Japanese | Polite Japanese |
| An Order | Chumon 注文 | Gochumon ご注文 |
| Name | Namae 名前 | Onamae お名前 |
| Meal | Shokuji 食事 | Oshokuji お食事 |
| Customer | Kyaku 客 | Okyakusama お客様 |
| Plan | Keikaku 計画 | Gokeikaku ご計画 |
| Water | Mizu 水 | Omizu お水 |
Keigo Category Links
Honorifics - Keigo (敬語）
Polite(TEINEIGO)
Humble(KENJOUGO)
Respectful(SONKEIGO)
Example of KEIGOs (list)
Topic: Polite(TEINEIGO)
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